9 research outputs found
Analysis of dynamic system optimal assignment with departure time choice
Most analyses on dynamic system optimal (DSO) assignment are done by using the
control theory with an outflow traffic model. On the one hand, this control theoretical
formulation provides some attractive mathematical properties for analysis. On the
other hand, however, this kind of formulation often ignores the importance of
ensuring proper flow propagation. Moreover, the outflow models have also been
extensively criticized for their implausible traffic behaviour. This paper aims to
provide another framework for analysing a DSO assignment problem based upon
sound traffic models. The assignment problem we considered aims to minimize the
total system cost in a network by seeking an optimal inflow profile within a fixed
planning horizon. This paper first summarizes the requirements on a plausible traffic
model and reviews three common traffic models. The necessary conditions for the
optimization problem are then derived using a calculus of variations technique.
Finally, a simple working example and some concluding remarks are given
Analysis of dynamic traffic models and assignments
This paper develops a comprehensive framework for analysing and solving traffic models and
assignments in dynamic setting. Traffic models capture the time-varying travel times and flows on a
road network and traffic assignments represent the corresponding responses of travellers. There
are two different kinds of traffic assignments: dynamic user equilibrium and dynamic system
optimum. Under dynamic user equilibrium, traffic is assigned such that for each origin-destination
pair in the network, the individual travel costs experienced by each traveller, no matter which
combination of travel route and departure time he/she chooses, are equal and minimal. The system
optimum assigns traffic such that the total system cost of the network system is minimized. The
system optimal traffic pattern provides a useful benchmark for evaluating various transport policy
measures such as implementing dynamic road tolls. This system optimal assignment is formulated
as a state-dependent optimal control problem. The analysis developed in this paper is novel and it
can work with general travel cost functions. Numerical examples are provided for illustration and
discussion. Finally, some concluding remarks are given
Analysis of dynamic system optimum and externalities with departure time choice
This paper aims to analyse the dynamic system optimal assignment with departure time choice, which is an
important, yet underdeveloped area. The main contribution of this paper is the necessary conditions and the
sensitivity analysis for dynamic system optimizing flow. Following this, we revisit the issue of dynamic
externality in a more plausible way. We showed that how the externality can be derived and interpreted from
the control theoretic formulation and the sensitivity analysis of traffic flow. To solve the system optimal
assignment, we propose a dynamic programming solution approach. We present numerical calculations and
discuss the characteristics of the results. In particular, we contrast the system optimal assignment with its
equilibrium counterpart in terms of the amount of travel generated, flow profiles, and travel costs
User equilibrium, system optimum, and externalities in time-dependent road networks
This paper develops a comprehensive framework for analysing and calculating user equilibrium,
system optimum, and externalities in time-dependent road networks. Under dynamic user
equilibrium, traffic is assigned such that for each origin-destination pair in the network, the
individual travel costs experienced by each traveller, no matter which combination of travel route
and departure time he/she chooses, are equal and minimal. The system optimal flow is
determined by solving a state-dependent optimal control problem, which assigns traffic such that
the total system cost of the network system is minimized. The externalities are derived by using a
novel sensitivity analysis. The analyses developed in this paper can work with general travel cost
functions. Numerical examples are provided for illustration and discussion. Finally, some
concluding remarks are given
System optimizing flow and externalities in time-dependent road networks
This paper develops a framework for analysing and calculating system optimizing flow and
externalities in time-dependent road networks. The externalities are derived by using a novel
sensitivity analysis of traffic models. The optimal network flow is determined by solving a
state-dependent optimal control problem, which assigns traffic such that the total system cost
of the network system is minimized. This control theoretic formulation can work with general
travel time models and cost functions. Deterministic queue is predominantly used in dynamic
network models. The analysis in this paper is more general and is applied to calculate the
system optimizing flow for Friesz’s whole link traffic model. Numerical examples are
provided for illustration and discussion. Finally, some concluding remarks are given
System optimal traffic assignment with departure time choice
This thesis investigates analytical dynamic system optimal assignment with departure time
choice in a rigorous and original way. Dynamic system optimal assignment is formulated here
as a state-dependent optimal control problem. A fixed volume of traffic is assigned to
departure times and routes such that the total system travel cost is minimized. Although the
system optimal assignment is not a realistic representation of traffic, it provides a bound on
performance and shows how the transport planner or engineer can make the best use of the
road system, and as such it is a useful benchmark for evaluating various transport policy
measures. The analysis shows that to operate the transport system optimally, each traveller in
the system should consider the dynamic externality that he or she imposes on the system from
the time of his or her entry. To capture this dynamic externality, we develop a novel
sensitivity analysis of travel cost. Solution algorithms are developed to calculate the dynamic
externality and traffic assignments based on the analyses. We also investigate alternative
solution strategies and the effect of time discretization on the quality of calculated
assignments. Numerical examples are given and the characteristics of the results are discussed.
Calculating dynamic system optimal assignment and the associated optimal toll could be too
difficult for practical implementation. We therefore consider some practical tolling strategies
for dynamic management of network traffic. The tolling strategies considered in this thesis
include both uniform and congestion-based tolling strategies, which are compared with the
dynamic system optimal toll so that their performance can be evaluated. In deriving the
tolling strategies, it is assumed that we have an exact model for the underlying traffic
behaviour. In reality, we do not have such information so that the robustness of a toll
calculation method is an important issue to be investigated in practice. It is found that the
tolls calculated by using divided linear traffic models can perform well over a wide range of
scenarios. The divided linear travel time models thus should receive more attention in the
future research on robust dynamic traffic control strategies design. In conclusion, this thesis
contributes to the literature on dynamic traffic modelling and management, and to support
further analysis and model development in this area
System optimal traffic assignment with departure time choice.
This thesis investigates analytical dynamic system optimal assignment with departure time choice in a rigorous and original way. Dynamic system optimal assignment is formulated here as a state-dependent optimal control problem. A fixed volume of traffic is assigned to departure times and routes such that the total system travel cost is minimized. Although the system optimal assignment is not a realistic representation of traffic, it provides a bound on performance and shows how the transport planner or engineer can make the best use of the road system, and as such it is a useful benchmark for evaluating various transport policy measures. The analysis shows that to operate the transport system optimally, each traveller in the system should consider the dynamic externality that he or she imposes on the system from the time of his or her entry. To capture this dynamic externality, we develop a novel sensitivity analysis of travel cost. Solution algorithms are developed to calculate the dynamic externality and traffic assignments based on the analyses. We also investigate alternative solution strategies and the effect of time discretization on the quality of calculated assignments. Numerical examples are given and the characteristics of the results are discussed. Calculating dynamic system optimal assignment and the associated optimal toll could be too difficult for practical implementation. We therefore consider some practical tolling strategies for dynamic management of network traffic. The tolling strategies considered in this thesis include both uniform and congestion-based tolling strategies, which are compared with the dynamic system optimal toll so that their performance can be evaluated. In deriving the tolling strategies, it is assumed that we have an exact model for the underlying traffic behaviour. In reality, we do not have such information so that the robustness of a toll calculation method is an important issue to be investigated in practice. It is found that the tolls calculated by using divided linear traffic models can perform well over a wide range of scenarios. The divided linear travel time models thus should receive more attention in the future research on robust dynamic traffic control strategies design. In conclusion, this thesis contributes to the literature on dynamic traffic modelling and management, and to support further analysis and model development in this area.
Transportation modeling and management
EditorialTransport & PlanningCivil Engineering and Geoscience